Teacher`s Portrait Essays - Educators, Laura Dern, Teacher, Teaching

Teacher`s Portrait "How about I believe in the unlucky ones? If I don't I'd probably go crazy."(Laura Dern, October Sky) This could arguably be the most important line in the entire movie, in my opinion. This teacher recognizes the potential in every student, not only the ones with visible ability. This, I would hope, would be the goal of every teacher. Teachers have the greatest gift in the world - - the ability to help shape a student's life. Recognized and appreciated he or she can use that to present a world of opportunities to those who may not have had any. This was true in "October Sky"; the "Rocket Boys" were from a small failing mining community, where little expectations were placed on them and even less opportunities were available. When Dern's character was accused of giving the boys false hopes she held her grounds and continued to support the boys. This to me is an example of a great teacher, one who will continue to do what he or she thinks is right regardless of whether it earns her the disapproval of the rest of the staff. The movie "October Sky" gives a very positive representation of a teacher. She is a role model, a friend, a source of information, a defender, and a fighter. She is portrayed as compassionate, understanding, and very beneficial in keeping the students directed toward their goals. This would seem to say that teachers need these qualities in order to fully relate to their students. A teacher can not only be there for informational needs, but must also stand behind her students and be prepared to defend their rights to discover themselves. A teacher should be prepared to recognize hidden potential; it is in almost every student. This is a difficult task, especially if the student also brings great adversity, however, it is not impossible; Dern's character realized this. Every teacher will have a student in their classroom with hidden ability; despite the student's possibility for greatness, the great teacher will be measured by her ability to see the potential inside that student.

How to Block a Play and Give Stage Directions

How to Block a Play and Give Stage Directions Blocking is the theater term for the actors’ movements on the stage during the performance of the play or the musical. Every move that an actor makes (walking across the stage, climbing stairs, sitting in a chair, falling to the floor, getting down on bended knee) falls under the larger term â€Å"blocking.† Who Blocks? Typically, the play’s director determines the actors’ movements and positions on stage. Some directors â€Å"pre-block† scenes- map out the actors’ movements outside of rehearsal and then give the actors their blocking. Some directors work with the actors during rehearsal and make blocking decisions by having the actors perform the movements. These directors try a variety of movements and stage positions to see what works, make adjustments, and then set the blocking. Other directors, especially when they work with experienced actors during rehearsals, ask the actors to follow their instincts about when to move and the blocking becomes a collaborative work. Playwrights May Provide Blocking In some plays, the playwright provides blocking notes in the text of the script. American playwright Eugene O’Neill wrote detailed stage directions that include not only movements but notes on the characters’ attitudes and emotions as well. An example from Act I Scene 1 of Long Day’s Journey Into Night. Edmund’s dialogue is accompanied by stage directions in italics: EDMUNDWith sudden nervous exasperation.O for God’s sake, Papa. If you’re starting that stuff again, I’ll beat it.He jumps up.I left my book upstairs anyway.He goes to the front parlor saying disgustedly,God, Papa, I think you’d get sick of hearing yourself.He disappears. Tyrone looks after him angrily. Some directors remain true to the stage directions provided by the playwright in the script, but directors and actors are not bound to follow those directions in the way that they are bound to use the playwright’s dialogue strictly as written. The words the actors speak must be delivered precisely as they appear in the script. Only with the playwright’s specific permission may lines of dialogue be changed or omitted. It is not imperative, however, to adhere to the playwright’s blocking ideas. Actors and directors are free to make their own movement choices.​ Some directors appreciate scripts with detailed stage directions. Other directors prefer scripts with little to no blocking ideas within the text. Basic Functions of Blocking Ideally, blocking should enhance the story on the stage by: Reflecting the authentic behavior of the characters- a character’s movements can reveal just as much and sometimes more than his or her words do.Reflecting the relationships between and among characters.Giving the focus to certain characters at appropriate moments (helping the audience know where to look.)Allowing the audience to see what they are supposed to see and not what is meant to be hidden- either as part of the play or an accidental peek backstage.Creating effective stage pictures- strong, pleasing, horrific- that convey the meanings and moods of the play.Making effective use of the set. Blocking Notation Once a scene has been blocked, the actors must execute the same movements during rehearsals and performances. Thus, actors must memorize their blocking as well as their lines. During blocking rehearsals, most actors use a pencil to note blocking in their scripts- so if the blocking changes, the pencil marks can be erased and the new blocking noted. Actors and directors use a â€Å"shorthand† for blocking notation. Rather than write out â€Å"Walk downstage right and stand behind (or upstage) the sofa,† however, an actor would make notes using abbreviations. Any stage movement from one area of the stage to another is called a â€Å"cross,† and a quick way to indicate cross is to use an â€Å"X.† So, an actor’s blocking note the above blocking could look like this: â€Å"XDR to US of sofa.†

International law. The case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International law. The case - Essay Example Natural products are fetching ever more precious in today's society. An important part of the shopper market is persuaded that natural products are linked with security and health, while artificial products are linked to unwanted side effects. In reaction to this trend, significant shifts are happening in many industrial sectors, such as food, drink, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, mostly because of rising feelings of the benefits of "lifestyle in agreement with nature". Since gathering consumer wants and expectations are of main significance for companies' competitiveness, there is a "gold race" for the use of natural elements as raw materials to expand a broad diversity of products. According to the Expert Ferreira, the "green wave" has led therapeutic plant sharing companies to seek "new products", with a sight to supplying the increasing demand in this market. Certainly, the similar thinking could be extensive to other industrial sectors intimately connected to human health, hygiene and food. This is the cause why rising countries abruptly discover themselves in the attention because of the sometimes huge biodiversity of plants rising within their boundaries. According to the Constitution of the United States gives Congress the authority to pass laws connecting to patents, in Article I, section 8, which reads "Congress shall have power to endorse the development of science and helpful arts, by securing for imperfect times to authors and inventors the elite right to their individual writings and discoveries." (US Constitution online, 2006) Under this authority Congress has from time to time enacted a range of laws relating to patents. The first patent law was enacted in 1790. The patent laws underwent a universal revision which was enacted July 19, 1952, and which came into result January 1, 1953. It is codified in Title 35, United States Code. As well, on November 29, 1999, Congress enacted the American Inventors Protection Act of 1999 (AIPA), which more revised the patent laws. See Public Law 106-113, 113 Stat. 1501 (1999). The patent law specifies the topic substance for which a patent may be obtained and the conditions for patentabili ty. The law establishes the United States Patent and Trademark Office to administer the law connecting to the yielding of patents and contains a range of other provisions linking to patents (Ray, 2003). A product can not be patented if any information is already available about it in any domestic or international level journals. So giving patent rights to Omni was wrong and the request for revocation should be granted as information was available in journal articles present in the libraries of state Y. Patents on Natural Products Investments in study and development are closely related to the hope of obtaining rights over the results, in order to recompense for the money spent throughout the work, which can be important through many years of study. Thus, given the spirited nature of modern life, it has become essential to offer incentives for study and growth

Strategic Marketing Planning of S&W and Makatume Assignment

Strategic Marketing Planning of S&W and Makatume - Assignment Example The high consumer demand gives the opportunity to the company to charge higher prices, be better placed in retailers' shelf space and have co-op advertising. Weaknesses = its costs are high since its old production plants are in urban areas whereas labor costs are high. Another weakness is that there is a market confusion between it's professional and consumer tools. The distributors, on the other hand, feel that the company has abused its market position. A further weakness is that S&W is not present in the fast-growing cordless segment. Opportunities = Makatume is locked into lower voltages so there is enough space for S&W to enter the high voltage space. There is also space for the lower voltage market since apart from Makatume, the other players are small companies (domestic and foreign niche competitors). Makatume's position was also due to the favorable exchange rates but the exchange rate forecast for the next years is not that favorable. Threats = Makatume has a good reputation in tradesmen for its professional tools. Makatume follows an aggressive strategy and its aim is to become the No2 player in the US market. It has also a dominant market share in the growing cordless segment. The primary step will cost reduction so as S&W can become more competitive and survive competition from cheaper producers such as Makatume and the Chinese. The production plants through offshoring should move to countries where labor costs are lower. However, S&W should take care that the quality of products manufactured in foreign plants should be equivalent to the ones produced locally. The old production plants, on the other hand, could be used for other business purposes (e.g. premises) or at least they could be rent.Another weakness is the market confusion for consumer and professional tools. Since S&W advertises heavily then it can make a clear positioning of the above tools in its advertisements. There should be market researches done prior and post the advertising campaigns which will check the degree of confusion in the minds of consumers.  

Critically discuss the centrality of anthropology to colonial Essay

Critically discuss the centrality of anthropology to colonial domination of africa through the lens of a positivists and imperialist approach to domination, rather than a critical and dialectical - Essay Example Imperialism and colonialism have been used interchangeably in defining the relationship between Africa and Britain. Brtisch Empire occupied many territories in Africa (Erickson & Murphy, 2008). European Colonial rule in Africa spans from the late 1800s up till the Second World War. Since the advent of the Europeans in Africa, anthropology has largely been seen from the perspective of the outsiders and the view that the colonial power was projecting across. Therefore, anthropology in Africa could not flourish to its complete entirety. In fact, anthropology in Africa greatly suffered as a result of the domination of the imperial powers. When anthropology of different cultures was started being studied in the late 1800s, Africa’s contribution to the economic system was not considered and therefore it remained largely untouched by anthropologists for a long period of time. There were no anthropological researches conducted in Africa up till the Second World War. When anthropologis ts started conducting cultural studies in Africa, there methods were largely criticized at not being reliable and comprehensive enough. Thus, anthropology in Africa could not receive its due share of research. The development of anthropology in Africa during the Colonial rule was also undermined due to the image projected by the colonizers abroad. European contact was taken as a representation of Africa (Wehrs, 2008). Child pornography and the publicity of the extremely dire economic circumstances the African community was afflicted with, like poverty, lack of infrastructure etc. had an adverse effect on anthropological studies. Another reason that influenced the development of anthropology in Africa is due to the projection by the Europeans about the illiteracy and savagery of the Africans. Post-colonial rehabilitation of anthropology hence becomes difficult. This is partly because Africa still remains undeveloped and can not debunk the stigmatized

Analysis of Ti Tonic

Analysis of Ti Tonic Submitted by : Anubhav Singh   Ã‚   INTRODUCTION Ti-Tonics are propelled mixes of characteristic tea concentrates, fiber and plant polyphenols, intended to extinguish your thirst and sustain your body. Polyphenols are natures most intense cancer prevention agents and protectants.Its one of its kind products in the world in which the ingredients come from the wine making industry and fuse them to the beverage. Ti Tonic is injected with New Zealand grape seed that is normally removed utilizing our 100% Aqua Pure ® prepare that utilizations just water to extricate the bioactives from these organic prfoduct. This implies the bioactives are separated in their regular shape and not harmed by solvents, or brutal concoction extraction strategies. Whats more no substance or dissolvable buildups are in the last item. Solidify drying of the last item guarantees the movement of the concentrates is kept up and not pulverized.(Whats special, ti-tonics.com) Currently major export market is Australia. Ti Tonics won award of Best Tea Beverage by NZJBA which is New Zealand Juice and Beverage Association. Products offered by Ti Tonics are : Pomegranate Super Tea Blueberry Super Tea Passion Super Tea Mango Super Tea Nectarine Super Tea My market analysis will be conducted in India which is second Largest in terms of population after China. Market Research Analysis Tool I will be using PESTEL for this market research as PESTLE investigation is a market examination apparatus that considers outside variables that can influence a business. It gives a bird eye viewpoint of the whole environment from an extensive variety of focuses that one needs to check and screen while pondering on a particular idea/plan. PESTLE is the abbreviation which, when expanded stands for: P PoliticalE EconomicalS SocialT TechnologicalL LegalE Environmental POLITICAL: India Vote based system is the point of convergence of the Indian political framework, however is frequently compelled by social strains because of religious, position and semantic differences. India is the biggest vote based country on the planet and standards of popular government are profoundly dug in the Indian political framework. Indian assorted qualities is reflected in the elected political structure of government, where power is shared amongst states and the inside.Foreign Policy: After a time of unmistakable comrade/communist predisposition, India has step by step warmed up to Western Europe, the US and numerous other outside nations. India is likewise taking a shot at unhindered commerce assentions (FTA) with Canada and the EU to change exchange encourage and fortify its two-sided associations with the two districts. New Zealand- New Zealands political framework has a relative representation framework that gives rise to chance to both the gender; male and females. The nation has high scores in the World Bank administration pointers for 2014, which shows a solid democratic set-up and political security in the nation.The nation is additionally executing the New Zealand Inc. technique, which plans to enhance the nations outer export and import through strong foreign relations. The technique is relied upon to cover India, China, ASEAN, Australia and the Gulf Cooperation Chamber (MarketLine,2015) OBSERVATION:India is a political stable country; a relentless government does not mull over authoritative issues to effect business. On the other hand possibly it makes decisions and controls that pads relationship from political unbalanced attributes. There wont be any political danger in introduce this new healthy organic tea to Indian markets. ECONOMICAL FACTORS : INDIA Second largest workforce in the world India is home to the second biggest workforce, which is relied upon to increment altogether throughout the following four decades. This gives India a critical edge over contenders, for example, China. According to Survey, India a haven of stability amidst gloomy global economic landscape (Economic Times,2016) Global Workforce (millions),2014-19 Size of workforce in 2014Size of workforce in 2019   Ã‚   China 706.8 683.9 India 437.4 472.2 United States 136.0 140.7 Brazil 94.3 98.7 Russian Federation 66.2 66.7 Source Market Line Developed equity marketIndian value showcase has indicated enormous change throughout the years, on account of the control by SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India). SEBI is the controller of securities market in India. Indian value markets have ended up world class, all because of the push towards progression and strong control. Indian value markets have been named as one of the best in Asia, and the current governments push to open up the economy, has made the business sectors look all the more alluring. Securities exchange capitalization as a rate of GDP has ascended over the current years.( http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/bsi/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=21sid=b961b8a7-3983-4024-bcd9-636fef4e0edd%40sessionmgr101hid=124 ) New Zealand Resilient banking sector: The country has an adaptable keeping cash zone that weathered the overall fiscal crisis well. As of November 2014, there were 25 enrolled banks in the country. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group, Auckland Savings Bank, Bank of New Zealand, Kiwibank, and Westpac are the five essential trading banks. Out of the total enrolled banks, ten enlisted banks work in the country as branches of abroad consolidate banks.(PESTLE NZ) OBSERVATION- This information demonstrates that Indian economy steady and developing, it will be proposed to be a decent market for this sort of business. SOCIAL FACTORS: India-India is the most populous nation in the world after china with more than 1.2bn people.Current strength with social aspects are urrent quality with social perspectives are the developing extent of youthful people. The middle age in India was 27.3 years in 2015(CIA The World Fact book). Around 94.05% of Indias populace was assessed to be less than 65 years of age. Besides, 65.96% of the populace was assessed to be in the working-age gathering of 15-64 around the same time. Indian individuals put stock in enormous and rumoured brands. So they will incline toward huge and most presumed brand. New Zealand-The social scene of the nation is solid with a streamlined social welfare framework, human services administrations, and education. The nation has scored high on human advancement through great levels of social insurance, education, and salary. Future during childbirth is 80.90 years for the aggregate populace starting at 2014(country PESTLE, MarketLine, 2015). Newborn child death rate remained at 4.6 for every 1,000 live births in 2014, which has been an astounding accomplishment (CIA-The World Factbook).As per the UNDP Human Development Report 2014, the HDI for the nation is 0.910 and it is positioned seventh among 187 nations, a solid accomplishment.New Zealand also holds a strong educational sector which reflects in the high enrolment rates of 5-14 year-olds, which was at 100% in 2013(OECD Economic Survey, 2015). OBSERVATION:Ti Tonic will not face much difficulties in launching their product as there are more of younger population in India and they always look forward to try something good which is good in taste and healthier as well. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS : India- India has gained critical ground in the innovation segment. This is reflected by a sizable increment in the quantity of innovation establishments and number of licenses affirmed in the nation. Solid advance has been made in the telecom, IT, and IT-empowered administrations parts, and the nation has gotten worldwide acknowledgment in these regions. Despite the fact that India was a late starter in the biotech area, it has now settled a strong global reputation.In spite of the fact that the administration has been proactive in its endeavours to empower development in the innovation part, the nations Research and development consumption at 0.8% of GDP is much lower than that of other developing markets, for example, Brazil and China.( Country PESTLE, Market Line, 2015). As a result, Indias extent of cutting edge made fares, which are items with high RD power, has slacked behind its associates.India lacks in term of developed countries, as major population lives in rural areas so India needs to push to urban infrastructure and able to provide proper power supply to the sectors and develop its weak sections like high transportation costs , storage problems and not living up to the standards units food and beverage industry. New Zealand-New Zealand is very much furnished with institutional abilities for advancement and RD. Be that as it may; the low RD use is likewise reflected in the low number of licenses granted to the nation. The administration has reacted to the languor in development with specific measures. These are probably going to be viable over the long haul.(Country PESTLE, Market Line, 2015). Strengths of the New Zealand technological sector are institutional capabilities for innovation and strong ICT sector (Information and communications technology. OBSERVATION Organization needs to make suitable courses of action so as to profit appropriate mechanical offices with a specific end goal to defeat high transportation cost, sporadic power supply and capacity issues. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS : India Indias developing populace has put an inordinate weight on characteristic assets, for example, water, backwoods, sand, rocks and minerals, and nature. Quick urbanisation and industrialisation has bothered the issues of contamination and appropriate sanitation, representing a genuine risk to biodiversity. An inordinate dependence on fossil powers for the expanding vitality requests of the countrys enormous populace has expanded Indias share of worldwide nursery outflows. Truth be told, the air in a large portion of the urban communities in India is perilously contaminated.Climate Action Plan India while submitting its climate action plan to the United Nation body in Bonn, Germany, in October 2015, made a commitment to increase its share of clean energy to 40% of its total energy, by 2030(India PESTLE report, MarketLine 2015) It pledged to fight the climate change by taking the energy efficient route and by systematically cutting down its emission intensity. It also clarified t he assistance that it requires from the developed world in face of technology transfer and cheaper access to international finance, including the Green Climate Fund. New Zealand- New Zealands natural issues are very much overseen, with different approaches being executed for ecological protection. The nation has arrangements checking air quality, biodiversity, environmental change, vitality, risky substances, and asset administration and wastage control. The nation has taken numerous activities to enhance its air quality and has set up new gauges under the National Ecological Standard on Air Quality to empower the business to accomplish larger amount of consistence. OBSERVATION:India being biodiversity , and its own well renowned vineyards- SULA Vineyards, Nashik, the manufacturing of Ti Tonics can be carried out as the main ingredients come from the vineyards, so this can also reduce the export and import cost to the country. LEGAL: Rules and Regulations- Government goes ahead with a proposal to levy a steep 40% goods and services tax (GST) on such beverages (The Economic Times, December 5, 2015).due to increasing health diseases. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has chosen to take 2% for exports and 1% for domestic sales on the utilization of foreign exchange check and brand name. Organization that is framed in India by non-natives are subject to pay the expense same as some other residential organization i.e. 33.66% Food And Health Safety: INDIA- FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Recently due to presence of lead in the Maggi which is the product of renowned company Nestle, FSSAI banned the maggi in India which costed Nestle $67 million. (Erika, F. April 2016) NEW ZEALAND- NZBC (New Zealand Beverage Council) According to a recent article Govt take all important measures to keep its food and beverage standards high and up to the mark. Recently A minister has suggested that the recent outbreak of white spot disease that has threatened to destroy a third of Australias farmed prawn industry could be blamed on seafood importers knowingly selling diseased goods which is now being taken care of. (FSANZ, Jan 2017).Also, New Zealand government is likewise wanting to acquaint assess on beverages with confine the measure of sugar devoured by youngsters (Broughton C, 2016). Observation- As Tonic Ti will be presented in India, it need to stay aware of all the new standards and controls and furthermore, This can influence the cost and this will specifically influence the offers of the item. SIMILARITIES AND CLASHES: BACKGROUND TO INDIA-NEW ZEALAND TRADE : New Zealand has a longstanding and amicable association with India, strengthened by regular social connections, for example, a typical dialect, popularity based conventions, and donning relations. Truly be that as it may, this relationship has not brought about exchange extension between them.In 1986, a Trade Agreement amongst India and New Zealand was marked which accommodated the foundation of a Joint Business Council and a Joint Trade Committee ((New Zealand High Commission to India). India has received a Look East arrangement, and has joined cooperation in territorial foundations, for example, the East Asia Summit (EAS) and the ASEAN Regional Forum (MFAT, 2010). This has implied that India and New Zealand are associating all the more consistently in the provincial setting. Indias Share in World Trade Source UN Comtrade Database New Zealands Share in World Trade Source UN Comtrade Database As of now respective exchange streams amongst India and New Zealand are at beneath anticipated that levels analyzed would the worldwide exchange profiles of both nations as uncovered through exchange streams. Respective exchange is additionally limited to a tight scope of items. Regardless of the way that there is impressive potential to both increment and expand exchange given the exchange complementarities that exist between the two nations that so far remain moderately undiscovered.The stunning growth of China and India since 1990s has basic impact on trade. These economies considerable markets with bewildering advancement and related open entryways give the associations and associations dynamic business open entryways and additionally have given unrivalled wander returns. The little size of the New Zealand grandstand makes for it more obligatory, to find and explore exporting and international investment opportunities. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) :It alludes to the amount of the cash expected to buy a given unit of a good, or basic set of merchandise and enterprises. Purchasing power is unmistakably dictated by the relative average cost for basic items and swelling rates in various nations. Acquiring power equality implies levelling the purchasing power of two monetary nations by considering these averages cost for living and swelling contrasts (Economics online). 17.00 Indian Rupee is proportional to one US Dollar in regards to purchasing power in 2014. (World Bank Report) GNI Per capita Income for India (market conversion scale) $ 1610 If we talk about both the countries, the purchasing power differences between both are as follow respectively: New Zealand holds 62 rank worldwide in terms of the GDP Purchasing Power which is 168,187 (billions of $)(Revoly, 2015) Source mecometer.com GDP Purchasing Power Parity of India secures 3rd rank worldwide in terms of Purchasing Power which is 8,642,758 (billions of $).(Revoly, 2015) Source mecometer.com The above figures clearly shows that the India holds a lead in terms of purchasing power and launching a new business in India can be a good idea and can get a fortune in returns if scaled properly. Clashes that the company might face while entering the Indian market are: Existing competitors in the market like organic India. Convincing people to use organic products. Many people still believe in good old taste and production. Due to religion, some might not prefer as it contains ingredients from vineyards. Targeting the right segment with right pitch. TARGET MARKET: As the product offered by the company is organic, the target audience would be different. It is important for the company to understand who their target audience would be. For this particular product it is important for the company to target the niche market or niche consumers in the society.The target audience could also be the educated society or the younger population. As India has a large population of young and educated people. It would important for the company target this audience.Also, the younger generation is more health conscious that the other segments of the society. It gives the company an opportunity to enter the market using this target audience. Also the product being expensive it is important for them to market the product to the people who can afford it and have the disposable income for it.The company should focus on the consumers of Tier 1 and tier 2 cities of India. Demographic: Understanding demographics assumes a urgent part for an organisation to go into another market ,Being second biggest on the planet after China regarding populace, with larger part of youthful era need to focus on the this dominant part as this portion is more well being cognizant and alongside focusing on the speciality fragment. when we are discussing the demographics for India , an organic must be exceptionally cautious in comprehension the particulars An new entry segment needs demographics to distinguish the perfect shopper for his item or benefits and create promoting techniques, for example, item bundling, notices, business area and estimating.The long-term story for Indian food consumption is promising, as a young and increasing population, coupled with rising incomes, will drive growth.The government is effectively looking for interest in the herbal and organic industries, proposing that organizations communicating an intrigue would be allowed an extremely liberal speculation atmosphere. Below is the graph to get a better view of Indians expenditure on non alcoholic drinks : Occupation The primary focus of our item is youth populace and the general population who are working since short time. As indicated by results 19,948(000) are the youthful era. this era is dependably favour well being cognisant beverages. So this can be a positive flag to offer our item to our objective market. (Choudaha, 2012) Geographical :One of the main factors that the group could use in their division technique is geographic. This would permit the group to break the market into areas by atmosphere, density, market size, etc. Many organizations utilize atmosphere if their items or administrations depend on the climate.India being well positioned on the globe, experience all the seasons.Geographical front will not affect our product much as its a organic tea product which comes with different flavours so it can be consumed in any time of the season. The interest in healthy drinks in the urban business sector has developed at 22% CAGR in the course of recent years, while the comparing figure for rural markets is 18% CAGR (compound annual growth rate). (Sharma,2016). Psychographic And Human Behaviour : Psychographic Segmentation is utilized for the most part to focus on a specific gathering from inside a population. Psychographic Segmentation is one which utilizes people groups way of life, their exercises, premiums and also sentiments to characterize a market portion. Psychographic Segmentation is very like behavioral division. Be that as it may, Psychographic Segmentation additionally takes the mental parts of purchaser purchasing conduct into records. These mental perspectives might be buyers way of life, his social remaining and additionally his AIO. (Bhasin, 2016) Lifestyle: India involves majority of young population. Yet, the way of life of todays youth is changing from partying to more into stay fit and healthy and this gets in favour of following healthy diet and food habits.This is the best time to promote this unique organic drink into Indian market. Social Class:Distinctive purchasers fall in various social classes. This depends for the most part on their purchasing power. The purchasing force is influenced by the foundation of the client, his salary and in addition his ways of managing money. The client will dependably purchase to keep up his social class. Subsequently being organic product, this remains in the niche segment, Ti Tonic need to remember both Lifestyle and additionally social class. COMMUNICATION METHODS: Digital Marketting : Online networking is exceptionally being used nowadays. Online advancements should be possible through Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Blogger etc. We can make online journals, we can make page on Facebook and Twitter. This will help us to showcase our items among paople populace. Posting advancements on locales that get overwhelming human collaboration is one way to deal with get the word out about your business, for instance, we can utilize Facebook or MySpace having broadcasting programs with advancements exceptionally fitted to a particular statistic populace. These ads seem just nearby profiles that meet the motivations behind your things target business division. In like manner, we can utilize Google AdWords organization to post online promotions this administration is exceptionally to post advertisements Television Advertisements :T.V business are the most ideal approach to showcase any item to the intended interest group. Relationship of the item with a prestigious individual, snappy jingles, appealing state of being or serious feeling makes a strong mental relationship in the customer. In India individuals appreciate watching cricket coordinates, the promoting this item around then is the most ideal approach to draw in more clients. Print Media / Publications :News papers are the most settled kind of print media. They are all things considered taken at home, or are open at daily paper slows down, and it is the most sensible way to deal with accomplishes a huge mass of people quickly. There are numerous daily paper as per the populace. As we are focusing on youth populace we can pick the new paper that Is for the most part utilized by youth populace. This can help us to achieve an ever increasing number of clients. Boards have for the most part become mechanized, in any case they qualify under the class of print media after each one of, and the notices are imprinted on the release. These fuse substance and design generally as a blend in order to make it all the all the more captivating. Boards can be shown on the streets, under bridge, in some occasion. Sponsorship :Advancing your thing event sponsorship can take various structures. You may get a certification in the event program, have an on area territory where you can give out example of the item, or your association logo may appear on the publications around the scene. The most ideal approach to elevate the item to youth populace is to print the logo on the uniform of cricket group or football group. By supporting an occasion the logo of the item can be imprinted on the ticket of that occasion. This will draw in the general population for the item. CONCLUSION: The report demonstrates key model and factors that should be considered while entering into a market. PESTEL has given us overview of both the countries and where they stand in terms of feasibility to do business. Choosing India as an entry market could be beneficial for the company because of its large population and increasing awareness among people regarding health and awareness.By doing PESTEL for working together on Indian market, we have inferred that there are numerous many points of interest with few impediments.Taking a gander at Political and lawful, India government is arranging forced laws and assessments to make individuals devour less sugar sweetened drink, if these laws and expenses will be forced then it is less demanding to work together in Indian market. Looking at soundness of nation, there wont be any issue with respect to this point as India is a stable economy.In Economical element PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) is most essential things in perspective of GDP. The discovering demonstrates that PPP of India is route superior to New Zealand. This can be sure flag for selling our product.As indicated by the reviews, natural items will be most ideal items in not so distant future in Indian market, so this will favourable position for the organisation to offer it in Indian market. In India individuals are more worry about their well being in perspective of devouring beverages and refreshments. Individuals dont incline toward more sugar sweetened beverages. Government is likewise spreading mindfulness about this issue, this can be a major favourable position to offer the item. Taste is the most critical issue in attempting any new item. In India individuals dont want to attempt another flavor so this can be somewhat testing to get more purchasers. Looking at the market analysis results, we can conclude that YES we can do business in India. http://www.ti-tonics.com/ http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/proposal-of-40-gst-on-aerated-drinks-tobacco-could-severely-hit-both-sectors/articleshow/50046110.cms http://www.nzbc.nz/industry/news.asp# Economic Times, 2016 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/economic-survey-2016-india-a-haven-of-stability-amidst-gloomy-global-economic-landscape/articleshow/51151707.cms India pestle http://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=PP=ANK=113278756S=RD=buhEbscoContent=dGJyMNXb4kSepq84xNvgOLCmr0%2BeprBSsKa4TbaWxWXSContentCustomer=dGJyMPGotkiwq7JRuePfgeyx4Ivn NZ PESTLE http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.auckland.ac.nz/bsi/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=35921c1e-bdb0-4624-afc1-d13c0593b08a%40sessionmgr104vid=3hid=124 OECD New Zealand Economic Surveys-http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/New-Zealand-2015-overview.pdf MFAT Evaluation report 2010-https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/aid-and-development/our-approach-to-aid/evaluation-and-research/evaluation-reports-2010/ Economics online http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Purchasing_power_parity.html PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPP?locations=IN List of countries by GDP- PPPhttps://www.revolvy.com/topic/List%20of%20countries%20by%20GDP%20(PPP)item_type=topic Dr. Statistics on Indian Higher Education 2012-2013. (n.d.). Retrieved from htt

The Relationship between Hamlet and the Bible. Essay -- GCSE Coursewor

The Relationship between Hamlet and the Bible.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It may appear that anything could be twisted into a typological pattern. Such interpretations appear to suffer from the structuralist faults of skating too lightly over actual texts, ignoring details that cannot be forced into a preconceived mold, and robbing narratives of their concrete shapes through abstraction. I would stress that there is more to Shakespeare than typology, but I would also insist that typology is often an important part of his drama. To make this claim plausible, however, requires more detailed attention to the text of his plays. In what follows, I will call attention to the textual and dramatic details that justify a typological reading of Hamlet. Claudius's murder of King Hamlet, the act catalyzing the drama of the play, is presented as a  sin of primordial character and cosmic implications. Claudius confesses that his fratricide parallels the murder of Abel: O, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven; It hath the primal eldest curse upon 't, A brother's murder (3.3.36-38). Hamlet's description of his psychological condition at the beginning of the play pushes the imagery back to the beginning of biblical history: How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! Fie on 't! Ah fie! 'Tis an unweeded garden, That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely (1.2.135-37). Claudius has not only committed fratricide, but regicide. The king being peculiarly the image of God, regicide is a kind of deicide. At least, it is an act of rebellion against divine authority. Claudius is thus not only Cain but Adam.(7) Claudius's sin has, for Hamlet at least, turned Denma... ...y identical to all the other links." (A Theater of Envy, p. 273). Works Cited Erlich, Avi. 1977. Hamlet's Absent Father. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Fineman, Joel. 1980. 'Fratricide and Cuckoldry: Shakespeare's Doubles.' In Representing Shakespeare: New Psychoanalytic Essays, edited by Coppelia Kahn and Murray M. Schwarz. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 70-109. Fleissner, Robert. 1982. ' "Sullied" Or "Solid": Hamlet's Flesh Once More.' Hamlet Studies 4:92-3. Fowler, Alastair. 1987. 'The Plays Within the Play of Hamlet.' In 'Fanned and Winnowed Opinions': Shakespearean Essays Presented to Harold Jenkins, edited by John W. Mahon and Thomas A. Pendleton. London and New York: Methuen. Freud, Sigmund. 1953-74. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works. 24 vols, trans. James Stachey. London: Hogarth.   

On the Brand Elements of Vodafone

Vodafone India has an integrated marketing strategy to ensure that they reach the maximum customer base and provide a number of touch points for the user. The sales and distribution of Vodafone products is done through their dedicated outlets as well as other outlets, small shops and stores. Vodafone has set up similar format Vodafone stores all over India to give their consumers a seamless and coherent experience wherever they maybe.At the same time a number of mini stores ensure that the customers have more number of places to resolve their minor problems and enquiries. These also provide a venue for the customers to settle their bill dues immediately. Vodafone India also pushes its sim cards through general retailers and pays them a small margin on the sale of each sim card. Post paid consumers are given offers and upgrade schemes to ensure that the company maintains a relationship with them. Thus the sales and distribution aspects of Vodafone in India are taken care by Dedicated outlets:Mini outlets Retail shops Mobile shopsThe marketing communications of Vodafone are typically very up market and generally the positioning is such that amongst the masses Vodafone is perceived as an aspirational brand. With a focus on the â€Å"Power To You† positioning all the current advertisements of Vodafone are focusing on picturization of the benefit that the consumer will get once he becomes a Vodafone customer. The marketing communications always depict Vodafone as a young and up market brand. The TV advertisements of Vodafone are always targeted at ensuring that the customer can understand the benefit that they want to offer.Vodafone typically does not emphasize strongly on print ads and radio ads. Although at the times of important tie ups and events one can see single page ads in the newspapers, magazines etc as well as small audio clips on the radio network. Vodafone uses the events platform as a promotion tool. Events like IPL which are sure to grab eye ba lls are sponsored by Vodafone and large scale TV advertising is done to ensure that the customer may avail IPL related services on his handset. Currently Vodafone has combined with the highest TRP grossing Big Boss and is providing a chance to the customers to visit the Big Boss house.AdvertisingVodafone lays special emphasis on creative advertising. They came up with the highly successful zoo zoo campaign which became a hit with all the consumers. All their ads clearly portray the benefit for the user and are done in such a way such as to induce good brand recall. Television advertising is a major tool used by Vodafone to push its brand as well as the promotions that they are coming up with. From time to time they use other media like print and radio also to push their product or offering to the masses.EventsVodafone ties up with a number of events which are designed to create daily or special brand related interactions. They generally combine with high popularity TV shows and even ts which provides them good eye balls and ensures that a particular number of people always view what they have to offer. Vodafone emphasizes more on above the line activity. Their strong  financial background ensures that they can pump in their money in such events and ensure a strong brand recall.Interactive MarketingVodafone is making extensive use of the online segment to involve more and more consumers with the brand. They have a presence on all the social networking sites and are providing special offers on those pages as well. A number of users can connect with the brand and talk , discuss about the various aspects of the brand online itself. They periodically keep revising the promotional offer advertisement that they put up on such pages. They are providing their entire range of products, service and promotion related information on these sites.Vodafone Communication Strategies:Brand ElementsBrand elements are those trademarked devices that serve to identify and different iate the brand. These are also sometimes known as brand identities. Items like brand name, logo, mnemonics, characters, spokespersons, slogans and jingles are some items that can be characterized as brand elements. All or most of them are trademarked and registered by the parent company of the brand and these are what appear in front of the consumer in the brand’s communication and help increase recall of the brand as these are things that the consumers remember a brand by it.According to theory, there are some specific criteria which need to be kept in mind while deciding on the brand elements. These are points which when satisfied help in serving the full purpose of having brand elements. Some of these criteria are:1. Memorable – These elements should be easily recognized and can be easily recalled.2. Meaningful – If not all then most of the brand elements should have a meaning and should associated in some or the other way with the culture and values of the b rand.3. Likeable – In simple terms brand elements should be fun, interesting or may be aesthetically pleasing so that the consumers like it and attach positive connotations with these elements.4. Transferable – Brand elements need to be the same for different markets and geographies, for different product or service categories. So transferability across these boundaries is critical.5. Adaptable – They must be flexible and the company should be able to update them as and when required.6. Protectable – They should be legally protected from counterfeiting and copyrights violation. Brand Name – VodafoneVodafone is one of the biggest telcom operators in the world along with other big names like Bharti Airtel, Idea and AT&T. It carries with itself a reputation of being one of the finest telecom service providers across the world and the name carries an element of desire with it. In India, the brand was earlier known as Vodafone Essar, due to the parent c ompany’s holding pattern. However, Essar has been a business name since long in the country and is associated with other businesses as well.So the â€Å"Essar† part was done away with and the brand name is now â€Å"Vodafone†. It being a foreign brand attracts consumers and the consumers already on the subscriber list feel proud to be associated with a big international brand. It is easy in terms of memorability and meaning and having a long history attached to it along with the geographies Vodafone is now operating in, it has proved its adaptability and transferability. Brand LogoVodafone calls it the â€Å"Speechmark Logo†. It is a quotation mark in a circle. The quotation marks before and end of a conversation is depicted in the logo and Red color has been its corporate color for long.The name is written below the design. It is the same logo as is used globally although in some areas like Portugal Vodafone has used a different logo. This is vital as it shows to the consumer that the company will offer the same level of quality in service as is being provided globally. Overall the logo has been there for a long period of time. So from the consumer’s point of view, it is memorable and the red color is liked by one and all. It is protected from any violation like copying or faking. It is a likeable logo which helps in increasing the recall of the brand as soon as the logo appears in from of the consumer.URL (Uniform Resource Locator)The website link or URL for the global website is http://www.vodafone.com and the link to the Indian website is http://www.vodafone.in. These are registered domain names so protection is taken care of. As there are provisions of checking and making bill payments online, going through various tariff rates and value added services details on the website, the online interface is a very vital component among the brand elements. The URL simply has the name of the brand and ‘in’ for India a s the extension. It is easy to remember and use, hence making it an effective brand element.CharactersCharacters represent a special type of brand symbol, one that takes on human or real-life characteristics. Since Vodafone entered into the Indian market, there have been two primary characters associated with the brand. The first is the famous pug which was used in the earlier advertisements and portrayed the consistency of service in the tagline â€Å"Wherever you go, our network follows†. The second and extremely popular character which Vodafone created was the Zoozoo.Real people wore grey suits to portray comical characters in a major communication campaign aimed at increasing awareness about the value added services provided by Vodafone. The campaign includes every channel from television and print advertising to billboards and hoardings at the point of sale. Zoozoos as a character have been loved by one and all and have helped tremendously in increasing the brand awarene ss among consumers.However sometimes characters take on such a presence in the mind of the consumer that the characters dominate the brand name itself. Zoozoos have become such a phenomena today that people generally would watch the advertisement and switch the channel before any message is communicated. So in the long run, continuing this campaign indefinitely could hurt Vodafone’s brand equity in India. SlogansSlogans can contribute to brand equity in multiple ways. They can play off the brand name to build brand awareness and image and can also contain product related information and other meanings. Vodafone’s current slogans in the 2010 advertising campaign is â€Å"Isn’t it nice when someone makes you feel special† and â€Å"Power to you†. The ads focus on the close friendship of two school girls and the care each one shows for the other.The company wishes to communicate to the consumer the various value added services it offers, which it term s as â€Å"Vodafone Delights†, to indicate their services intend to delight the consumer in every possible way and the slogan powerfully conveys that Vodafone is a brand that cares about its consumers and believe in doing the small little things to delight them and make them feel special always.Their previous slogans like â€Å"Happy to Help†, â€Å"Power to you† and â€Å"Wherever you go our network follows† have been equally successful in associating different meanings with the brand; meanings like consistency of service, the consumers’ power to choose what service to avail and what to pay for and the brand being ever present in case of any need for the consumer. JinglesMost consumers remember the â€Å"You and I in this beautiful world† jingle, which ran as background in the communication campaign consisting of the pug following the kid, helping him and doing chores for him. The current campaign has the jingle â€Å"The little things you do†, a sweet and melodious song which portrays the intended message quite well. Vodafone’s jingles’ strongest point is their likeability and consumers tend to remember them very conveniently. Jingles, have hence always been a critical brand element for Vodafone. Communication CampaignsVodafone keeps coming out with new communication campaigns at regular time  intervals. It ran the â€Å"Pug† campaign for some time initially. Then it launched the â€Å"Zoozoo† campaign and now it has recently launched the â€Å"Vodafone delights† campaign. Another small campaign that had been running until recently was the â€Å"Rs. 4 me sab kuch† which had a speaking parrot trying to convince people that four rupees are of no value today but Vodafone offers a lot of things in just that amount.These changes in communication campaign strategies and focus on different things every time shows that Vodafone stresses on being innovative in its advertising , trying to come up with something new and refreshing, which will be liked and remembered by the consumer for a long time. They have never used media or sports celebrities for their communication, unlike competitors like Airtel, Idea and Reliance who use sports celebrities and bollywood stars like Abhishek Bachchan and Hrithik Roshan for their endorsements and advertising.Their campaigns generally have had a 360 degree approach, reaching the audience through multiple channels. Some of the channels which Vodafone always covers are:1. Television advertising is done on most popular channels and in major sports events that generally have a long run and are repeated all over the year.2. Newspapers/Magazine advertisements in all major dailies, but mostly in English newspapers, business newspapers and general and economics magazines.3. Hoardings/Billboards on the highways and on the bus stops all over major cities across the country are helping increase awareness and hence, recall of the b rand.4. Small prints at point of sale, varying from major retail outlets to small panwari shops.5. Event sponsorships for major sporting events like Indian Premier League and the UEFA Champions League in football, an event widely followed in India now. Infact according to a research, Vodafone along with Pepsi were found to be the most visible brands after IPL ended earlier this year.6. Radio – On radio they have only run the â€Å"Parrot† campaign as this does not require any major display to go with the voice.Overall their communication campaigns have been innovative and appealing enough to not only attract the consumer’s attention but also make and maintain the brand’s position is the mind ladders. The Zoozoo campaign according to people was a little over run and at one point of time was contributing to creating a perceptual block in the consumers’ mind.So the new Parrot and Delights campaigns have freshened things up. There have been other small campaigns as well, one prominent one which had Formula 1 racer Lewis Hamilton featured in it. However the recall for that ad is very low and it can be categorized as an unsuccessful campaign.

Comparing and Contrasting the Internet to Print essays

Comparing and Contrasting the Internet to Print essays Comparing and Contrasting the Internet to Print The differences between the Internet and Print Journalism are clear immediately upon glancing at either of the two. However, to truly understand the differences you must study each carefully. I will briefly explore the differences between Newsweek and it's printed counterpart, and Entrepreneur magazine vs. entrepreneurmag.com. These magazines are very different in content and supply good examples of different features that exist in a technological vs. a print environment. I will compare the differences between the two in three areas; 1.Content 2. Advertising and 3. Useablity. If you were to put any print magazine next to your computer monitor you would immediately notice a difference. A difference not only in the format the material is set up, but a difference in the actual content its' self. Newsweek is a magazine that delivers the news. One would assume that news is news, and if it is printed one way in the magazine it should be the same online. This is not true. Newsweek is a magazine that is released weekly, yet in e-commerce business moves at the "speed of thought" (Bill Gates). This means that Newsweek must update their web site daily and sometimes hourly. This makes a magazine that would seemingly follow the same pattern, very different. News in print may not be the same as "e-news". Entrepreneur magazine is a magazine that helps the small businesses of America. They are very crafty in using bright colors that will grab potential buyers attention at the newsstand. This creates a problem for their online business. Whenever you have lots of colors or graphics your page will not load quickly. This means that what works in print will not work for their e- magazine. They have to rely on good spot graphics and headlines to attract attention. They do not do this very effectively. From looking at their web site you will see that th ...

1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm Essays - British Films

1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm Essays - British Films 1.5 Formal Writing Essay Animal Farm The novel, Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is a satire of the Russian Revolution in 1917. This novel takes place in England, on a farm called Manor Farm. The animals on this farm go on a rebellion against Mr Jones, bringing the farm to which the animals renamed it as Animal Farm. However, years later, the farm evolves back to its original name, Manor Farm. Many characters are shown throughout the novel. However, one major character who changed in the novel is Napoleon. Changes in Napoleon help us understand that if an individual is given too much power, they will abuse that power and become greedy and self-centered. At the very start of the novel, we can see Napoleon as a fair and equal member of the farm, who believed in animalism but soon changes into a selfish and lazy character. This can be shown through Napoleon stealing the milk, chasing Snowball away and killing Boxer. The first change we see in Napoleon is when he steals the milk. This is when the animals go out to work in the fields without Napoleon. Before the animals leave, they worry about the milk they have just collected. Napoleon tells the animals to not worry about the milk so the animals leave. However, When they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. This implies that Napoleon has drunk the milk. This shows a change as we can see Napoleon is not working and does not share the milk equally with the farm animals. This change helps us understand the character Napoleon, as he is starting to become greedy and betray the spirits of animalism for his own personal gains. George Orwell uses this example to show how humans can be greedy and betray other people for their own personal gains too. This emphasises that, in the society we live in today, equality can never work out. This is an allusion to the 1917 Russian Revolution, where Stalin, who believed in communism craved for power and became dictator of Russia. Therefore, by stealing the milk we can understand Napoleon slowly changing from the good to bad. The second change we see in Napoleon is when he chases Snowball away from the farm. This happens when Snowball holds a meeting deciding whether they should start building the windmill or not. Napoleon disagrees and says it is nonsense. However, Snowball explains that life can be much easier with the windmill when, nine enormous dogs came bounding into the barndashing straight for Snowball. From here, we know that Napoleon is trying to get rid of Snowball. This shows a change as we can see Napoleon, who was equal and fair, suddenly gets rid of Snowball. This change in Napoleon helps us understand that Napoleon does not allow any opposition and that he is willing to betray others to maintain his control, which soon leads to dictatorship happening in the farm. George Orwell uses this example to show how humans can change, betray and get rid of others in order to gain power, by using force. This is an allusion of Stalin sending Trotsky into exile in 1929, because he had a large amount of supporters, including the Bolsheviks. Therefore by Napoleon using force against his opposition, we can understand that Napoleon is changing. The final change we see in Napoleon is when he chooses to kill Boxer. Animals on the farm are required to retire when they reach the age of about 12, so they can die naturally. Boxer, who is a hard-working horse, soon falls ill and reaches to the point where he cannot work anymore. However, instead of dying naturally, Napoleon and Squealer arrange plans to send Boxer over to the slaughterhouse. We can see that Napoleon is mistreating the animals to satisfy his own personal gains. This is shown when the animals say, from somewhere or other the pigs had acquired the money to buy themselves another case of whiskey. From here, we can tell that Napoleon had sent Boxer away for money. This shows a change, as Napoleon who was a fair and equal believer in animalism to a selfish and greedy animal soon

Vaginal Delivery of Breech Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Vaginal Delivery of Breech - Dissertation Example The discussion will be based on the author’s perspective, available evidence and current practice. It shall discuss women’s options during births, especially where infants are in the breech position. This dissertation will further evaluate if the women’s choices with regards to delivery of the breech are significantly impacted by the deskilling of health professionals or by the actual risks of the procedure itself. Current practice, as supported by the NICE and RCOG Guidelines (2001) discourages women from having vaginal deliveries when their babies are presenting in a breech position. Many midwives have only ever experienced vaginal breech deliveries in a simulated environment. Since practice is now dominated by the opinion that the safest option for these babies is a caesarean section and the opportunities to gain experience in safe vaginal breech delivery are limited, the dominance of caesarean section is reinforced. This paper aims to highlight the evidence t hat underpins the current practice as well as investigate the emerging evidence that is the basis for certain midwives now considering breech vaginal birth to be a safe option. Historically vaginal deliveries were the chosen method for the delivery of babies with a cephalic or breech presentation. ... he current indications for caesarean births in developed countries include breech babies along with foetal distress, malposition, malpresentations, placenta previa, and other related complications (Fischer, 2012). Some of these complicated births have been delivered vaginally even though the risk for these births has been considered significant. At present, the training for Obstetricians has mostly related to the delivery of breech babies via caesarean Section. This development has been re-evaluated by midwives because some midwives believe that obstetricians must equally train in normal deliveries of breech babies, especially as women’s options have been limited by the risks involved in the birth as well as the decreased skill of midwives (Jadoon, 2008). Breech presentation deliveries are deliveries where the foetus is at a longitudinal position, with either the buttocks or the feet presenting at the cervical area during delivery. This presentation is seen at about 3-4% of al l term deliveries (Fischer, 2012). This type of presentation may be attributed to prematurity, uterine malformations, placenta praevia, multiple births, and sometimes foetal abnormalities (Fischer, 2012). Breech presentation is classified into: frank, complete, and footling. Frank breech is observed with hips flexed, knees extended; complete is seen with hips flexed and knees flexed; and footling or incomplete with one of both hips extended and foot presenting (Fischer, 2012). The issue of whether or not vaginal breech deliveries should be considered over Caesarean section is now also based on the skill of midwives. There are major concerns surrounding vaginal delivery of breech presentation and generally limited data on safe vaginal deliveries of a breech. There is also a lack of honesty on the

Occupational Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Occupational Performance - Essay Example It also tries to explain why the impairment could cause difficulties and the consequences for the individuals of these difficulties and finds ways in which these difficulties might be reduced or overcome. Occupational performance can be defined as the ability of a person to perform tasks for the purpose of carrying out her/his occupational roles in a satisfying manner. The importance of analyzing functional performance is of crucial importance to occupational therapy. The assessment of an individual's / group or populations' level of functioning is very important in planning an occupational therapy for an individual. Occupational therapists take into account the many types of occupations humans might engage, sort them into categories called 'areas of occupation' Let's look at the various performance roles first: Occupational performance roles are patterns of behavior in different kinds of occupation in ones daily life i.e. self-maintenance, productivity, leisure and rest. The roles are determined by individual's physical, mental and spiritual conditions and her/his relationship with external environment. Biomechanical components refer to the operation and interaction of and between physical structures of the body during task performance. This can include range of motion, muscle strength, grasp, muscular and cardiovascular endurance, circulation, elimination of body waste. From the perspective of the task or sub-task, this component refers to the biomechanical attributes of the task; for example, size, weight, dimension and location of objects. Sensory-Motor Performance Component refers to the operation and interaction of and between sensory input and motor responses of the body during task performance. Cognitive Performance Component: refers to the operation and interaction of and between mental processes used during task performance. Intrapersonal Performance Component: refers to the operation and interaction of and between internal psychological processes used during task performance. Interpersonal Performance Component refers to the continuing and changing interaction between a person and others during task performance that contributes to the development of the individual as a participant in society. Elements of Occupational Performance are the body, mind and spirit. The Occupational Performance Model (Australia) acknowledges that together these core elements of human existence form the human body, the human brain, the human mind, the human consciousness of self and the human awareness of the universe (Popper, 1981) Body Element: The tangible physical components of human structure consists the body element. Mind Element: the basic intellectual component of an individual is called the Mind element Spirit Element: is defined loosely as that aspect of humans which seeks a sense of harmony within self and between self, nature, others and in some cases an ultimate other; seeks an existing mystery to life; inner conviction; hope and meaning.As stated earlier the areas on which occupational performances are observed are Self-maintenance, productivity, leisure and rest. Self-Maintenance Occupations are regular tasks and sub-tasks done by an