About the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport Terminal Collapse

A huge chunk of Terminal 2E at the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport came crashing down in the early morning of May 23, 2004. The shocking event killed several people at the busiest airport in France, about 15 miles northeast of Paris. When a structure fails on its own accord, the event may be more frightening than a terrorist attack. Why did this structure fail in less than a year after opening? The 450-meter long terminal building is an elliptical tube constructed of concrete rings. French architect Paul Andreu, who also designed the French terminal for the English Channel Tunnel, drew upon principles of tunnel construction for the airport terminal building. Many people praised the futuristic structure at Terminal 2, calling it both beautiful and practical. Since there were no internal roof supports, passengers could move easily through the terminal. Some engineers say that the terminals tunnel shape may have been a factor in the collapse. Buildings with no internal supports must rely entirely on the outer shell. However, investigators quickly pointed out that it is the role of engineers to assure the safety of an architects designs. Leslie Robertson, a chief engineer of the original twin towers at the World Trade Center, told the New York Times that when problems occur, its usually in the interface between architects, engineers, and contractors. Reasons for Collapse The collapse of a 110 foot section killed four people, injured three others, and left a 50 by 30 meter hole in the tubular design. Was the fatal collapse caused by design flaws or oversights in construction? The official investigation report clearly said both. A part of Terminal 2 failed for two reasons: Process Failure: A lack of detailed analysis and inadequate design checking allowed construction of a poorly engineered structure. Structural Engineering Failure: A number of design flaws were not caught during construction, including (1) a lack of redundant supports; (2) poorly placed reinforcing steel; (3) weak outer steel struts; (4) weak concrete support beams; and (5) low resistance to temperature. After the investigation and careful disassembling, the structure was rebuilt with a metal framework built upon the existing foundation. It reopened in the spring of 2008. Lessons Learned How does a collapsed building in one country affect construction in another country? Architects have become increasingly aware that complicated designs using space-age materials require the watchful oversight of many professionals. Architects, engineers, and contractors have to be working from the same game plan and not copies. In other words, writes New York Times reporter Christopher Hawthorne, it is in translating the design from one office to the next that mistakes are amplified and become deadly. The collapse of Terminal 2E was a wake-up call for many firms to use file-sharing software such as BIM. At the time of the disaster in France, a multi-billion dollar construction project was underway in northern Virginia — a new train line from Washington, D.C. to Dulles International Airport. The subway tunnel was designed similarly to Paul Andreus Paris airport. Could the D.C. Metro Silver Line be doomed to disaster? A study prepared for U.S. Senator John Warner of Virginia noted a major difference between the two structures: The subway station, simply put, is a circular tube with air flowing down the middle of it. This hollow tube can be contrasted to Terminal 2E, which was a circular tube with air flowing outside of it. The outer casing of Terminal 2E was subjected to great temperature changes causing the outer steel to expand and contract. The study concluded that a complete design analysis would have predicted all structural deficiencies within the Paris airport. In essence, the collapse of Charles-de-Gaulle Airport Terminal was preventable and unnecessary had oversight been in place. About Architect Paul Andreu French architect Paul Andreu was born July 10, 1938 in Bordeaux. Like many professionals of his generation, Andreu was educated as an engineer at the École Polytechnique and as an architect at the prestigious fine arts Lycà ©e Louis-le-Grand. He has made a career of airport design, beginning with the  Charles-de-Gaulle (CDG) in the 1970s. From 1974 and throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Andreus architecture firm was commissioned to build terminal after terminal for the growing air traffic hub. The extension of Terminal 2E opened in the spring of 2003. For nearly forty years Andreu held commissions from the Aà ©roports de Paris, the operator of Paris airports. He was the Chief Architect for the building of the Charles-de-Gaulle before retiring in 2003. Andreu has been cited as shaping the face of aviation internationally with his high-profile airports in Shanghai, Abu Dhabi, Cairo, Brunei,  Manila, and Jakarta. Since the tragic collapse, he has also been cited as an example of architectural hubris. But Paul Andreu designed buildings other than airports, including the  Guangzhou Gymnasium in China, the Osaka Maritime Museum in Japan, and the Oriental Art Center in Shanghai. His architectural masterpiece may be the titanium and glass National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing — still standing, since July 2007. Sources The Architectural Blame Game by Christopher Hawthorne, The New York Times, May 27, 2004 Paris Air Terminal Collapse Report by Christian Horn, Architecture Week, http://www.architectureweek.com/2005/0427/news_1-1.html Investigation of Tysons Central 7 Rail Station — Case Study: Terminal 2E Roof Collapse, Prepared for Senator John Warner by Chance Kutac and Zachary Webb, Technical Office of Senator John Warner, November 22, 2006, pp. 9, 15 [PDF at www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/hart/333t/documents/FinalReport2_07.pdf accessed May 24, 2004] à   propos and architecture, Paul Andreu website, http://www.paul-andreu.com/ [accessed November 13, 2017] Paris airport collapse blamed on design by John Lichfield, Independent, February 15, 2005, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-airport-collapse-blamed-on-design-483590.html Terminal to reopen at Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris by Nicola Clark, The New York Times, March 28, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/28/world/europe/28iht-cdg.html Gordon, Alastair. Naked Airport: A Cultural History of the Worlds Most Revolutionary Structure. University of Chicago Press Pbk. Ed. / edition, University of Chicago Press, June 1, 2008.

Review Of The Defenders - 1015 Words

On August 18, 2017 Marvel’s Netflix series Defenders decided to show up featuring all of the netflix marvel characters that we have grown accustomed to over the the years. Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist are all coming together to stop The Hand from leveling New York to get what they want. Ladies and Gentleman, as always I am the Gentleman Snark. Today I will bring you review of the first four episode in the Defenders series, so let’s begin. Spoilers: We are discussing the first half of the Defenders series. Story: Story is simple, The Hand have set up for a big performance and a grand finale for New York. So it is up to our unlikely Street level heroes to ban together and protect the city. The show takes a while to†¦show more content†¦Which manages to pay off and work beautifully in end when the characters sit down and become more acquainted with each other. Leading into one of my favorite aspects of the series. Character Dynamics: Speaking broadly for the whole series, if I were to give an example of how the characters in Defenders play of off each other I would use DC’s Suicide Squad as a good comparisons for the characters. To explain this, in the Suicide Squad movie, there is a scene where all the bad guys sat in a bar and had a drink exchanging bar room talk and typical banter. For me, I can totally see the Defenders doing something very similar, which they did in episode 4, and it WORKS. This is to be taken as a compliment as even though the characters have just met each other under extreme circumstances, episode 4 is a pretty much good example of how the main characters will act towards each other for the entire show. Only Danny and Matt understand or even know about the hand, Jessica and Luke are in a constant stream of disbelief as soon as magic is involved. The sarcastic quips that have towards each other gives off a very realistic view to it. I can totally see actually people having conversati ons and reacting similar to the main characters in the show. Unlike when you compare them to the Avengers that for me personally, lack those kind of interaction with their characters or at least don’t make use of them enough in my opinion(except forShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : Public Defenders1790 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Review Public defenders are put at a major disadvantage in terms of the effectiveness of defense they can provide. Most defenders will try to defend their clients to the best of their ability, but there are so many obstacles that prevent this from happening. These obstacles include heavy caseloads, lack of resources, government restriction, and the type of client they have to defend. While not all of these problems have a simple solution there must be some remedy to the issues. By notRead MoreThe Defenders Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pageswelcome to my review of Season 1 of the Defenders, the newest Netflix show from Marvel. The first section will be spoiler free and then I’ll get into spoilers at the end. Overall, the show is very good and I think anyone who like the previous shows will like this, but if you didn’t, The Defenders won’t do much to convert you, as its mainly intended for fans of the earlier Marvel shows on Netflix. I’m not sure how many people this even applies to, but if you were wondering if The Defenders would stillRead MoreOverload : The Problem Of Indigent Defense1547 Words   |  7 Pagesdown and indigent defense has become a pillar of America’s legal system. Hundreds of thousands of cases are handled through public defenders and attorneys hired by the government to defend those who cannot afford an attorney themselves. 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In the past, officials could only review block/charge calls to determine whether or not the defender was inside the restricted area. Now, referees will be able to uphold or reverse those same calls after reviewing whether or not the defender was set when the offensive player began his shooting motion. This is a significant change and one that should help curtail the increasingly common practice of defenders sliding under offensive players after theyve already committed

Different words, different conception China English and Chinese English Free Essays

string(74) " and the standard of China English has always been intensively discussed\." Introduction The background of my writing In the past 50 years, English has become a global language. It’s widely used in international conferences, multinational companies and the Internet. According to the Cambridge University Press Statistics, there are 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Different words, different conception: China English and Chinese English or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 billion people living in the country which used English as its official language. There are also 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion people used English as their mother language. The globalization of English is a indisputable truth in the world in nowadays. More and more people studying English from pole to pole. But at the same time, the English in the process of globalization has also brought a wide range of nativization. Although the British English and American English is still the mainstream of global English, people found a number of English with regional characteristics appeared in the world, like Australia English, Singapore English, South Africa English and so on. Many linguist attention about this phenomenon and do the research in this area. In my opinion, this is a kind of culture shock, because there are many countries have their local language, so when English step into their life, there must be a kind of exchange between English and their local language appearance. In China, English also become more and more important in people’s life. For young people, speak English is an indispensable skill. And in all schools in China, no matter middle school or university, English is the most important subject for students. In China, you can hear two different words to describe the English: China English and Chinese English. They aren’t with the same means. What the different between themWhat’s the real conception of China English? China English is not Chinese English Chinese English is also a kind of English from China, lots of people called it Chinglish. But it’s not the emphasis that I want to study. Chinese English different from China English. The phrase â€Å"Chinese English† is listed in the book International English Usage authored By British scholar Todd and American scholar Hancock (1986) who expounds Chinese English in the aspects of phonology, lexicon and grammar. Chinese English originated from Chinese Pidgin English. Pidgin is the cultural production of colonization and semi-colonization. It forms during the course of the acquiring European languages by natives and also based on aboriginal languages. Chinese Pidgin English can be divided into four periods: Birth Stage (1715-1748) : It was started in Guangzhou and Macao Early Stage (1748-1842): It was in Guangzhou. Expanding Stage (1842-1890): It was widely use in Hong Kong and other trading ports. Declining Stage (1890-till now): The normal education of English became popular. The main places of using Chinese Pidgin English are Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai and trading ports. Such as: Ningbo, Wuhu, Beijing and so on. Chinese business men and servant used it for communication. At the beginning, it was used for service and trading business by lower class. But later, it appears in different situation, including higher class. The lexical and syntactic features of Chinese English Chinese English is a deformed language variant. The vocabulary can best interpret the features of Chinese English. As we all know, Chinese learners often collocate words wrongly. They are inclined to express or translate word by word, which will cause wrong expressions. For example, three piece book (three books), chow chow (means eat something) etc. Besides, the English words like see, watch, read and look at can all be translated into Chinese â€Å"?†, and may be used interchangeably. The situation of speak, say, and talk is similar. Phrases like â€Å"Can you say Chinese?† â€Å"I’m watching a book.† â€Å"Tomorrow I will look a movie.† may be produced. Syntax, as generally defined, is the study of how sentences are properly formed out of words of a language. The different of the thinking mode of Western people and Chinese directly show clearly in sentences formation in two languages. For example, 1: My go topside. He have go bottomside. I am going upstair. He has gone downstair. 2: Aftertoon my come. I’ll come in the afternoon. Speakers of Chinese English didn’t really understand English, but in order to communicate with foreigners, they had to use deformed English, which totally misused the vocabulary and grammar. For example, â€Å"change money† ( means odd change), â€Å"long time no see† (means I haven’t seen you for a long time). With the deepening of Chinese opening-up and reform, the number of English learners is steadily increasing. However, most of the learners have to â€Å"learn† rather than â€Å"acquire† the language by means of schooling, radio or TV programs or remedial courses. They are under the influence of Chinese Pidgin English. Lacking enough access to the English language and thinking mode. In consequence, the increasing number of English learners leads to more problems with Chinese English. Examples can best manifest it. There is funny story between a foreigner and his Chinese servant. The foreigner came home and found the glasses were broken, he asked his Chinese servant how did it break. The servant said in Chinese English:† Inside zhi-zhi-zhi, outside miao-miao-miao, glasses broken.† There is no English grammar and logic in his answer. The servant only use some words to describe how it happened. Another example of the same kind can explain the features of discourse in Chinese English. The boss of a British man asked his Chinese driver to buy tickets of a cinema. The driver came back and said:† People mountain people sea. Today no see, tomorrow see. Same see.† The appearance of China English In 1980, the famous Chinese linguist Ge Chuangui put forward the conception of â€Å"Chinese English† in his article Ramble the translation. He said:† No matter in old China or new China, Chinese people speak or write English always accompany the Chinese trait. Like â€Å"imperial examination () †, â€Å"imperial academy ()†, â€Å" May Fourth Movement ()† and so on. These words with Chinese regional culture, not belong to the western people, and they also never use them. † Since then, discussions about it have never stopped. The definition and the standard of China English has always been intensively discussed. You read "Different words, different conception: China English and Chinese English" in category "Essay examples" A number of scholars have proposed their definitions of China English from their particular perspectives. China English has normative English as its core. Wang Rongpei holds that the definition of China English should cover t he following three points: China English is used by Chinese people in Chinese land China English has standard English as its core China English has Chinese features But another scholar named Li Wenzhong disagrees with Wang Rongpei’s definition of China English. Li Wenzhong (1993) maintains that China English is not only used in native China. He argues that quite a few Chinese borrowings have entered the English languages and become part of it by transliteration and loan translation, eg: tea, kowtow, Great Leap Forward and so on. Xie Zhijun is against Li Wenzhong’s point of view about China English. Xie holds that both China English and Chinese English have the Chinese influence existing in all the aspects of China English-lexical, syntactical and textual. On the basis of his argument, Xie makes his contribution to China English: China English is an interference English variety used by Chinese people in cross-culture communication; its interference is caused by the Chinese language, the way of Chinese thinking as well as Chinese culture. China English is based on normative English and is capable of entering the English languages. From the various definitions of China English, I can summarize some of the properties of China English. First, China English is the English used by the Chinese. â€Å"The linguistic and Cultural Identities of China English and the Application in Chinese† refers to the Chinese people as those who have grown up in Chinese social and cultural background to communicate with the English –speaking people. Second, it’s based on Standard English (it means English used by the Englishmen and Americans), that is , it’s in accord with the grammar of Standard English. Third, it is a transfer variety of English affected by Chinese culture. The lexical features of China English The lexical features of China English are mainly shown in the Chinese borrowings entering English. It takes Standard English as its core and the English language enriches itself by absorbing Chinese borrowed words. First, early in the 1800s, some words with Chinese unique features entered the English language. Quite a lot of words and phrases in China English are directly transliterated from Chinese Putonghua and other dialects especially Cantonese. The examples are classified as follows: About history and culture: like, zhongju (), yamen () etc. About recreation and local sports: like, Erhu (), Kongfu(),Taichi (), Mahjong() etc. About food, clothing, shelter and transportation:like, Cheongsam (),Chowmein (),Tea(?),Ginseng (),etc. About local conditions and customs: like, fengshui (), Kowtow ()etc. About geographical names Inner Mongolia (), Lhasa (), Hong Kong ()etc. About measurement units: like, Yuan (?),Jiao (?), Mu (?) etc. Second, after Chinese reform and opening-up, the total number of Chinese borrowings in English increased rapidly. These Chinese Phrases in English are translated by means of word-by-word translation. Below are some examples: About Chinese history and culture: like Four Books and Five Classics (),paper tiger (),lefetist (), Gang of Four () etc. About Chinese reform and opening-up program: like, laid-off workers (), Four modernizations (),one China policy (), reform and opening-up (),one country, two systems () etc. The characteristics of the China English are unavoidable mainly because of the way of Chinese thinking and its traditional culture. This shows that one’s accomplishment of the language acquisition makes the formation of one’s thinking model. Chinese speakers have acquired their mother tongue and have formed the way of Chinese thinking before they study English. Therefore, the way of Chinese thinking must have a great influence on learning another way of thinking. So the Chinese characteristics inevitably exist in the English expressions created by Chinese people. On the other hand, social linguists hold that a nation’s culture is unique. Chinese people are according in their element when expressing Chinese culture in Chinese language, but are clumsy at doing it in English language. A foreign language serves the function of a bridge in the import and export of the culture. Foreign cultures, when introduced into China, should be understood by Chinese people. Similarly, Chinese culture, when exported to foreign countries, should be understood by foreigners. Consequently, China English, on the basis of normative English, should bear Chinese characteristics; otherwise, it cannot surmount the difficulties resulting from the expression of the two different cultures. Finally, China English is evolved from two sources: Native speakers’ description/accounts of Chinese society and culture Chinese accounts on ourselves and the world in English. It’s an English variety that is saturated with Chinese culture and some characteristics of Han language. It’s based on Standard English and shares idiomatic useage of world English. It helps to spread Chinese unique culture such as in words, phrases, syntax, cognitive style, figures of speech, literary style and discourse structure. Conclusion In conclusion, Chinglish and China English are both related and distinguishable. On one hand, both of them are to put across the unique things in China and thus have Chinese features. On the other hand, with new vocabulary and structure, China English is normative English and it will increase its strength with further publicity to the outside world while Chinglish is improper use of English due to poor knowledge to the English language and culture and shall according hinder the communication with other cultures. In future, Chinglish will probably diminish or even disappear with the deepening of culture communication between China and other countries. We should avoid the deformed used of English Variety-Chinglish, and maintain the effective way of using China English. China English is exiting objectively. As the rejuvenation of China, the output of Chinese culture is becoming more and more important. China English is not enough to become national variety, it’s the absolutely necessary of the world English acting as the supplementary of standard English. Chinese English is the result of ignoring or misunderstanding of British culture and custom. So Chinese English is not equal to the China English. It can be the interlanguage of learning English, but not the taget language of interculture exchange. These two words just with three letters difference, but they stand for two conceptions, also two kinds of attitude. Bibliography BoltonKingsley (2002), Chinese English: from Canton jargon to global English, Worm Englishes Joan Pinkham (2000), The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Beijing Barber.C.L (1972), The Story of Language, Pan Books, London Todd. L.L.Hancock,1986, International English Usage, New York University Press, New York Chen Dingan (1998), The translation of English to Chinese, China Translation and Publishing Corporation Press, Beijing Ge Chuangui (1986), Ramble the translation Jin Huikang (2004), China English, The foreign language teaching publishing press, Beijing http://www.51lunwen.com/language/2010/0413/lw201004130850416388.html http://wuxizazhi.cnki.net/CNKIVIEW/OnlineView1.aspx?filename=DYXT200807031*55-56*TOTAL*2uid= http://www.my1510.cn/article.php?id=5756ee55ad74c151 http://baike.baidu.com/view/300085.htm How to cite Different words, different conception: China English and Chinese English, Essay examples

Image Analysis “ Andy Warhol and Damien Hirst Essay Example For Students

Image Analysis â€Å" Andy Warhol and Damien Hirst Essay While I think these two artifacts offer multiple topics of interesting similarities I want to focus on the impact that society, technological developments, economic factors and armor innovations had on the artists. The main question I want to draw on in the essay on is how both of the artifacts raised questions at the times they were made because they both were so new and challenged previous styles and why the artists did this. Andy Warhol was an American artist, born in 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was one Of the founders Of the Pop Art movement. One Of the reasons that his work was so new and confused people, was because he was carrying on from the Abstract Expressionist movement and that was a very energetic way Of painting with large canvases and rapid. Pantones brush strokes completely different from the Pop Art style that Warhol used. The offs Pop Culture became very cool for young people and it was the beginning of pop music and think that is why Warhol became so famous because he epitomized the coolness of the new way of life; money, fame and uniqueness. Turquoise Marilyn, which is Acrylic and Silkscreen on Linen is part oaf series of more than twenty Marilyn silk-screens all of which were done in different colors. Warhol produced the Marilyn series the year after she died. The photograph to Marilyn that Andy Warhol used tort he whole Marilyn series was based on a publicity shot she had done for the 1953 movie Niagara although there have been many claims that another photograph of her with her head tilted sideways and with earrings on was used over the top of the other photograph but it has never been confirmed. Turquoise Marilyn has a turquoise background and her hair is bright yellow with the shadows in black. Warhol used very bright and bold colors in most of pieces; I think that this could be to show a symbol of strength about Monroe. In Turquoise Marilyn her face is pink while her lips are bright red and black and her eyelids are a blue color. The taffeta is around inches by 40 inches. The head of Marilyn takes up the majority of the image with her neck only showing half and going off the bottom. Her head looks as though it is slightly tilted upwards and her eyes are looking directly at the viewer. To me it is as though he was trying to bring her back for himself and all her fans as a way to keep her forever and especially the way he mass produced the silk-screens it was as though she had become a consumer product like something you could just buy in a shop. The pop Art movement, which Andy Warhol, along with many others, helped ring about in Britain and the LISA in the sass, was all about the want and need for mass-producing and the popular. During the 1 coos there was a world vide economic boom due to the post-war regeneration schemes. Many people who had lived through the rationing of World War TWO were now steadily becoming more affluent and this resulted in society changing and increases in production and consumption Of consumer goods. Pop Art reflected the societies mass- media culture of television, radio, movies and advertising. This is shown in Andy Whorls work. Many Of his pieces are Of famous brands or famous people such s Coca Cola, Brills, Marilyn Monroe and Michael Jackson along with many others these images all capture the media, fame and consumer obsessed culture that had become post WWW. .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 , .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .postImageUrl , .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 , .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1:hover , .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1:visited , .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1:active { border:0!important; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1:active , .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1 .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaa318ca3e50285d476b6444e00bc32f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cultural Analysis EssayTurquoise Marilyn is one of Andy Whorls most famous pieces of work. When he first started doing portraits he would paint each one at a time until he discovered Silk-screening and he was then able to mass-produce all of them which makes his work seem even more relevant as this line states In mass-producing images of everyday items such as soup cans and Marilyn Monomers, he questioned both authorship and the validity to uniqueness. He also firmed common American culture, and questioned what beyond art. (E Art Fair, 2008). The way that Warhol created the image using the silk-screening process meant that some of the lines were blotchy and her lips were slightly offset hut Warhol left them like it leading critics to see his portraits as quite impersonal as this quote states He impersonality his artwork as much as feasible. His most successful portraits of glamorous film star Marilyn Monroe showed a mask-like face which as an iconic and thus unreal quality to it (E Art Pair, 2008) and the art critic Robert Hughes said What they suggested was not the humbugging touch f the hand but the pervasiveness Of routine error and of 1997). From an early age Warhol was completely fascinated with Hollywood and the glamour that came With it Which is Why think he created the Marilyn series along with the many other stars he amortized in his paintings such as Elizabeth Taylor, Elvis Presley to name a few. The art critic Robert Hughes said he is the last of the truly successful social portraitists, climbing from face to face in a silent delirium of snobbery, a man so interested in elites that he has his own society magazine (Hughes, 1982) and this is clearly shown in the number f celebrity portraits he created. The magazine Warhol created was called Interview; in it were interviews with famous people from the worlds of fashion, film, art, and music along with many other elitists. This was the beginning of the culture to which our society has felt the need to know everything about famous peoples lives making us tee as though we are the same as them. The Marilyn series was not commissioned by anyone Warhol just decided he wanted to do it. Hint that the reason Warhol did so many to the Marlins was because to how much of an icon and sex symbol she was and I think he felt a sort of bond with ere as all they both ever wanted was the Hollywood fame and fortune as this quote says The Vatican L servomotor Romano put the blame on the general decline of morals, holding that Marilyn was the victim of a godless way of life in which Hollywood forced her to be the symbol (Luck, 1964). The place where Warhol created most of his art was called The Factory and it was a studio located on the fifth floor at 23 1 East 47th Street, in Midtown Manhattan, LISA. It was a very popular place where many extremely famous stars would hang out faith Warhol. There ever people such as Breastbones, Miscarriage, Edie Sedgwick, Lou Reed, Sterling Morrison, Maureen Tucker, and John Call along with many Others and Warhol would also make films in there of many things including people sleeping Which is where some people think the ideas for Big Brother came from as it is a look into peoples personal lives when they are at their weakest. Dampen Hirsh sis British artist born in Bristol, 1965. He is one of the prominent members of Young British Artists or Yaps who had a big impact on the art world during the 1 asss. Hirers work has always been very controversial but it is still very original. When Hirsh created For the love of God it was 2007 just before the recession and society was very greedy and money obsessed. .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d , .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .postImageUrl , .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d , .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d:hover , .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d:visited , .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d:active { border:0!important; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d:active , .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda011faf8d8c7901070e0584d1b18a3d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis Of "The Scream" EssayCelebrity culture was eve/here and people wanted the jet-set lifestyle that was being thrust in their faces through the media, think that is what Dampen Hirsh was trying to show through For the love to God by encrusting is with diamonds hes showing the cliche ©s of modern life as it cost over E 1 4 million to create and sold tort SO million. Dampen Hirers other work has included The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind festoon Living which a 14-foot long Tiger Shark preserved in Formaldehyde. When Hirsh created The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living in 2004 the economy in Britain was still thriving and it avgas by having a friendship with Charles Chitchats that he was actually able to create it. Charles Chitchats is an Art Collector and made his fortune through an advertising business with his brother in the sass, it is due to him sponsoring Dampen Hirsh along with many Others that Hirsh was able to break into the art world. For instance, Dampen Hirsh is a bad artist, but he is a very important bad artist, because hes bad in a big way that reflects a lot Of the bad wings about the art world and culture at large. (Hickey, 2007) this is a description Of Dampen Hirsh that shows the controversy surrounding him because some people feel as though his art is not art. The ways that both Andy Warhol and Dampen Hirsh worked off of the cliche ©s and idealism in their retrospective societies shows the similarities between them. Although from looking at both Andy Whorls and Dampen Hirers work together you cannot actually see any similarities, as Whorls are all flat paintings and Hirers are mainly ID, it is the similarities behind the meaning that I want to focus on. Both artists picked up on the power that the media have on people and they used it to their full advantage, Warhol new that the public wanted money, tame and the life-style of the rich and famous 50 thats what he concentrated on things that were popular. Hirsh also concentrates on the way the public sees money as a status, with all of his pieces costing millions to create. In conclusion I feel that both Andy Warhol and Dampen Hirsh were innovators of their times. They both knew exactly what the public wanted and although they were often received controversially they both stuck at what they thought to be eight and I think it paid off. They both worked off of the fame hungry and money obsessed cultures that our society has become.